Sumerianz Journal of Scientific Research

    
Online ISSN: 2617-6955
Print ISSN: 2617-765X

Quarterly Published (4 Issues Per Year)

Journal Website: https://www.sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&journal=29

Archive

Volume 3 Issue 5 (2020)

Bacteriological Assessment of Fresh Crayfish (Macro Brachium Vollenhovenii) Handlers and River Samples from Asejire Dam Ikire Osun State Nigeria

Authors : Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ; Adewole Adeyemo Muniri ; Aina Samson Oloruntoba
Abstract:
The study was conducted to find out the comparative analysis of microbial loads of freshwater crayfish, handlers and river samples isolated from Ikire, Osun state. The bacteriological study showed that most of the bacteria isolated were normal microflora of fresh Crayfish and microorganisms associated with contamination from handlers, faecal contaminant and waste discharge into the water body. The bacteria isolated and there percentage of occurrence  in the course of these study are as follows: Micrococcus luteus (4.3%), Alcaligenes latus (4.3%), Citrobacter diverticus (4.3%), Listeria grayi (4.3%), Bacillus cereus (4.3%), Citrobacter freundii (4.3%), Proteus vulgaris (4.3%), Salinicoccus roseus (4.3%), Marinococcus hispanicus (4.3%), Morganella morganii (4.3%), Micrococcus halobius (4.3%), Alteromonas espejiana (4.3%), Corynebacterium cystitidis (4.3%), Listeria mesenteroides (4.3%), Micrococcus varians (4.3%), Salmonella choleraesuis (4.3%), Vibrio cholera (8.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.0%), Marinococcus halophilus (4.3%) and Klebsiella planticola (4.3%). In this research work, Staphylococcus aureus is most predominant among other bacteria. Statistically, freshwater crayfish samples have the highest microbial load followed by the river sample and Handlers. The exposed samples have the lowest Colony Forming Unit followed by the refrigerated samples. It is hereby recommended that fresh crayfish should be properly and effectively preserved at temperature 4°C or smoking and handled properly to prevent it from contamination. And proper hygienic measure should be carried out during and after aqua farming of fresh crayfish to avoid faecal contaminant such as Cholera and septicaemia. Crayfish should be properly cooked before consumption. For instance, proper cooking of crayfish can help to kill psychrophilic microbes such as Staphylococcus.

Pages: 45-58

Crude Oil Spills: Effects on Soil Environment and Land Use Pattern in Acid Sand of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Authors : D. Edem ; S. O. Oshunsanya
Abstract:
Crude oil spills generate a lot of emotional outburst with, very often, some political undertones. Concerns over the soil environment and land use pattern of increasing oil spillage on land and wetlands have mounted with time since oil prospecting started in Nigeria.  Crude oil spillage could result in a number ways. One of such is during the process of drilling an oil well when oil well blowout could occur. The other source of spillage is pipeline leakage or malfunction. This research therefore, aimed at assessing the effects of oil spills on the physical attributes of the soil as its effects the land use pattern in oil producing areas of Nigeria. The soil physical disruption of aggregates following spillage in the field is reflected in the reduced aggregate size and water stable aggregate in the soils. Before the spill, stable aggregates of < 2 mm recorded significantly high resistance to erosion. Whereas, the moment the spill occurred, some locations suffered 250% reduction, while some 14% and others 21%. However, increase in aggregates >2 mm after wet sieving increased the initial Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) by 50, 63, and 81% under, Ikot Udo, Ebe Ekpi and Esit Eket spill sites, respectively.  As variations in water aggregates of the soil were recognised, the following results on the magnitude of stable aggregates to water were measured at the sites of recently spilled soils; the least class size (0.25 mm) of stable aggregate at Ikot Udo showed an increase of 3.7 percent stable aggregates, 3.5% stable aggregates were measured at Ebe Ekpi, and 3.2% stable aggregates at Esit Eket, relative to the control site. The fact that this granulated soils severely erode under intense storms that caused high runoff in control site suggests that spilled sites are more important in accentuating runoff by sealing the pore spaces by adsorbed oil and grease from the spills, which consequently decreased infiltration rate.

Pages: 36-44