Gravity plays a major role in the planetary formation and the development of the solar system. Gravity attraction is the essence of a power that holds and governs the universe; it makes the planets in the solar system revolve around the sun and the moons around their planets. The study of the mechanisms of planets formation in the solar system is a difficult problem made more so by the inability to construct planetary-scale models for laboratory study. However, understanding the nature of the matter comprising the Solar System is crucial for understanding the mechanism that generates planetary gravity. In this study, a brief history about the development of planetary gravity is presented. However, much work is still needed before the planetary gravity field processes are fully understood and full advantage be taken of the implications of this phenomena observations.

In the century of the Internet revolution and technology innovation, that enter in every part of our life , from simple microwave applications used at home  to surgeries and critical applications in hospital, Hence came the need to  make  an assured quality software product  and systems . The quality of the software product is depends on the quality of the each phase of the development process used to create it. Verification and Validation  techniques used  across full phases  of  Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to ensure that the phase satisfy its requirement, error  free, and correctly completed. Verification and Validation Techniques are set of testing and analysis activities by different methods.  This paper described first the definitions of verification and validation concepts, followed by verification and validation role in each phase of Software Development Life Cycle SDLC), and finally the Methods of software verification and validation.

The microbial contamination of handrails of the pedestrian walkway could serve as potential source for community acquired infections. This research work assessed the potential of bacteria and fungi pathogens in polytechnic campus environment. Twelve (12) samples were collected from the pedestrian handrails of Delta state polytechnic, Ozoro and the samples were coded as, ERA,ELA,MRA,MLA,EXRA,EXLA,ERB,ELB,MRB,MLB,EXRB and EXRB. Contamination was higher in the morning sample for Bacteria but less for Fungi than in afternoon sample. A total of five(5) Bacteria species were isolated; Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus suis, Enterococcus species, Corynrbacterium species and Enterobacter aerogenes and four (4) Fungi species; Candida albican, Mold species, Aspergellus flavus and Penicillin species. The total heterotrophic plate count for bacterial isolates ranges from 8.4 x 101 to 2.16 x 102 CFU/ML while that of fungal isolates ranges from 0.4 x 101 to 2 x 101 CFU/ML. Streptococcus suis(33. 33%) have the highest percentage of occurrence while Enterococcus species(8.33%) have the least percentage of occurrence amongst the bacterial isolates. Aspergellus flavus (52.38%) have the highest percentage occurrence while Mold species (4. 76%) and Penicillin species (9.52%) have the least percentage of occurrences amongst the fungal isolates. This study therefore, shows that the pedestrian handrails harbor highly pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi which have the potentials of causing epidemics in future.