Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary
Online ISSN: 2617-3077
Print ISSN: 2617-3131
Quarterly Published (4 Issues Per Year)
Journal Website: https://www.sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&journal=30Archive
Volume 4 Issue 1 (2021)
Estimating the Drying Kinetics and Effective Moisture Diffusivity of Fresh Water Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors : Egbe E. W. ; Davies R. M.
DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjav.41.40.48.
Abstract:Fresh-water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) once harvested, tends to deteriorate rapidly because of the high systemic moisture it constituent which has lead to post-harvest losses, drying as a method of preservation widely used for high moisture bio-products reduces moisture probably to bone-dry level and thereby increased the shelf-life of the fresh-water prawn. Therefore, Estimating the Drying Kinetics and Effective Moisture Diffusivity of Fresh Water Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) was investigated using a laboratory convective oven dryer and was arranged in a thin layer. 50-100°C temperatures were applied, varying on multiple of 10°C. It was observed that the drying rate increased with increasing drying temperatures. Drying data obtained were fitted into four empirical thin-layer drying models, and the best model was investigated after undergoing statistical parameters (of coefficient of determination, R2; root mean square error, RMSE and reduced chi-square, χ2). The ANN and Henderson model was found to perform satisfactorily in describing the drying behaviour of the Fresh-water prawn samples at the chosen temperature levels. The initial moisture content of all the samples was 54% wb. The final effective moisture diffusivity of the samples during the drying experiments ranges from 1.26 x 10-7m2/s - 7.06 x 10-7m2/s, and the temperature related activation energy of diffusion was found to be 12.82-kJ/mol. Drying occurred mainly in the falling rate period, and the characterizing drying curves were exponential with increase in drying temperatures.
Pages: 40-48
Morphometric Characters of African Bonytongue, Heterotis Niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) From Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors : Olanrewaju A. Nurudeen ; Agbelege O. Olusegun ; Grema F. Alkali
DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjav.41.34.39
Abstract:This study reports the length–weight relationships and morphometric characters of Heterotis niloticus in Lake Alau, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Monthly sampling was carried out and 104 (78 males and 26 females) fresh specimens were collected from fishers’ catches between August 2019 and January 2020. Fish morphometric features of each sample were measured and weighed using standard method. Length-Weight Relationships (LWR, b >3 or <3 – allometric; b =3 – isometric), and Fulton’s condition factor (K=100W/L) were assessed using standard procedures. 17 characters were studied in percentage of standard length. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Fish sampled had total length ranging from 40.00cm to 80.50cm and weight between 700.00g and 1500.00g. The coefficient b of the LWRs indicated negative allometric growth (b < 3.0) for males (2.27), females (1.07) and combined sex (1.51). Also, the mean K of all the sampled population varied from 0.992±0.30 to 1.043±0.09. Males were in better condition than females (P>0.05) between sex. Coefficient of variation values revealed a low intra-group variation (CV < 33%) for all characters. Mean size of all the parameters show higher values in females compared to males. Different morphometric characters such as total length, pre-anal length, anal length, pre-pelvic length, pectoral fin length, pre-dorsal fin length, dorsal fin length, caudal and body depth show significant positive increase with standard length.
Pages: 34-39
Investigation on the Cardio-Protective Potentials of Sphenostylis Stenocarpa Seed Milk on Salt Loading-Induced Hypertension in Albino Rats
Authors : Nwankwo Michael O. ; Ogbonna Innocent O.
DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjav.41.22.33
Abstract:Cardio-protection is a sure way of averting the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which have been one of the most stubborn global causes of death. An estimated 17.9 million people died from CVDs in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% are due to heart attack and stroke. Over three quarters of CVDs deaths take place in low and middle-income countries. Out of the 17 million premature deaths (under the age of 70) due to non-communicable diseases in 2015, 82% are in low and middle-income countries, and 37% are caused by CVDs. The most preventive measure for cardiovascular disease is primary prevention of risk factors. Most cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by addressing behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol using population-wide strategies. People with cardiovascular diseases or who are at high cardiovascular risk (due to the presence of one or more risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or already established disease) need early detection and management using counselling and medicines, as appropriate. Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms is an orphan legume crop which its oil when administered to hypertensive albino rats, significantly (p< 0.05) lowered the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), which is a strong marker for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension was induced in rats using saturated NaCl solution. The rats were treated with the extracted oil at different concentrations. It was observed that Sphenostylis stenocarpa seed has low glycaemic index and that at varying concentrations and time significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the AIP.
Pages: 22-33
Participatory Forest Management Tool for Promoting Sustainable Forest Utilization in Chiradzulu, Malawi
Authors : Margaret Kunje ; Edward Missanjo
DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjav.41.13.21
Abstract:A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess community perceptions towards environmental issues and Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Chiradzulu, Malawi. The study revealed that majority (94%) of the households are aware that the forest cover has declined in the past two decade and recognised this as a major environmental problem. Firewood the main source of energy, poverty, as well as population growth were identified as the major cause of the forest decline. However, the study revealed that PFM is one of the helpful tools in overcoming this challenge. Most (66%) of the households acknowledged that PFM is partially meeting community’s basic needs and interests. The basic needs that were observed included firewood, food, water, shelter, knowledge, skills, and income. This indicate that if PFM is implemented effectively, it would lead to sustainable management of forest resources. Therefore, the present study recommends that for sustainability of forest management to be achieved in the study area, communities should be fully empowered to make sound decisions for continued benefits for the entire community.
Pages: 13-21
Current Status of Yam (Dioscorea Sp) Genetic Resources-Case Study of Selected Locations in South-West Nigeria
Authors : Timothy Oluwafemi Ajiboye ; David E. Edagbo ; A. A. Alowonle ; Clement Michael ; Feyidara Oyewole ; Adegboye S. ; Dickson Ighere ; Abiola O. Olaniyan
DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjav.41.7.12
Abstract:Yam is an important tuber crop in Nigeria. Some locations in South west Nigeria (Oyo State, Ondo State, Osun State, and Ogun State) were surveyed to find out the existence and the abundance of diversity of white guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata). It was discovered that there are also diversity in other species of landrace yams (Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea dumentorum). One unidentified species of yam was found in Ondo State. This species also exist in Osun State. Some of the yam diversities are endangered. Genetic erosion of these yam diversities is imminent because of the decline of the traditional farmers growing these diversities; also because of modern commercial farms that tend to mono-cropping of improved variety and also because of problem of storage of yams and especially ex-situ conservation of yam genetic resources of yam in Nigeria.
Pages: 7-12
TLC/GC-FID Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Melicope madagascariensis (Baker) T.G. Hartley (Rutaceae) Essential Oil from Madagascar East Coast Rainforest
Authors : Razafindrakoto F. Ny Riana ; Andrianantenaina R. ; Letsara R. ; Rafalimanantsoa J. ; Randriamanantena A. Andrin’ Iranto ; Masengo Ashande Colette ; Pius T. Mpiana ; Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua ; Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy
DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjav.41.1.6
Abstract:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Melicope madagascariensis essential oil from Madagascar East Coast Rainforest. Essential oil from the leaves of this plant species was extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by TLC and GC-FID. The extraction revealed a yield is of 0.4% for a mass of 290 g of fresh leaves. Having a bland, pungent taste, the oil has a green-black color, a slightly unpleasant odor with a clear mobile consistency. Its density is 0.8765 and refractive index 1.4956 at 20 °C and is dextrorotatory (+0.1°) at 24 °C for its rotational power. The results of GC/FID analysis revealed that the essential oil contains (Z)-β-ocimene (12.7%) and (E)-β-ocimene (25.7%) as major compounds. The preparative TLC fractionation (using DPPH radical as revelator) and GC-FID analysis of the essential oil revealed the presence of compounds of the sesquiterpene family namely trans-nerolidol (4.32%), phenylpropanoid like methyl eugenol (5.9%), terpene oxide like caryophyllene oxide (3.66%), cinnamic esters like cinnamyl acetate (4.79%) and monoterpene alcohol like linalol (2.81%). The study on M. madagascariensis essential oil is herein reported for the first time. Further studies including cytotoxicity assay in order to evaluate the selectivity/therapeutic index of this essential oil are needed before developing it as novel antioxidant drug.
Pages: 1-6