Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary
Online ISSN: 2617-3077
Print ISSN: 2617-3131
Quarterly Published (4 Issues Per Year)
Journal Website: https://www.sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&journal=30Archive
Volume 1 Issue 1 (2018)
Performance Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties in Low Moisture Stress Area of Southern Ethiopia
Authors : Gobeze Loha ; Legesse Hidoto
Abstract:Maize is priority crop to farmers because it is a stable food in many rural communities of southern region. It is widely grown in the various parts of southern region from lowland to mid-highlands. On the other hand, moisture stress is one the most critical production constraints of maize in low to intermediate agro-ecology. Hence, screening maize varieties tolerant to moisture stress is of paramount important in order to sustain maize production in moisture areas. In this context, field experiment was conducted at Amaro, Halaba and Inseno testing sites of Hawassa Agricultural Research Center during 2012/2013 cropping season inorder to select adaptable maize varieties for moisture stress with reasonable grain yield. Treatments consisted of eleven maize varieties (Gibe I, Gibe II, Guto, Mlekasa I, Melkasa II, Melkasaa IV, Melkasa VI, Shalla, BH-540, BH-543 and Aba raya) released for variable agroecologies. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that plants had higher plant height, ear height, number of rows per cob, seeds per row, seeds per cob, biomass, grain yield, HI and prolificacy at Inseno and Halaba as compared to Amaro. Generally, almost all maize varieties exhibited superior performance at Inseno followed by Halaba for agronomic traits whereas their performance was poor at Amaro. Based on this result that BH 540, BH 543 could be used at Inseno and Halaba with specific inclusion Shalla for Halaba and Abaraya for Inseno. Further more , varieties Gibe II, Melkasa II and Shalla can be recommended for Amaro environment.
Pages: 24-29
Toxicity of Two Extracted Destruxin Against Saissetia oleae (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Authors : Sabbour M. M.
Abstract:Olive trees are subjected to attack by many insect pest species that affect yield quality and quantity. Among the most common olive pest species surveyed in Egypt is Saissetia oleae . The fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin produces some cyclic peptide toxins, destruxins, Destruxin which may play a role in its pathogenicity in insect pests and decreases the infestations of many harmful pests. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this two solated Destruxin (Destruxin A-760 and Destruxin A- 724) against S. oleae under laboratory and field conditions. The results obtained showed that the LC50 of Destruxin A-760 on the third larval instars was 163 ppm. However, when Destruxin A- 724 was applied on the target pest, the LC50 reached to 190 ppm. Under field conditions, both isolated Destruxin declined the rate of infestation by S. oleae with the least infestation in case of treatment with Destruxin A- 724 compared to untreated olive trees. The yield of harvested olive fruits increased due to treatment with isolated Destruxin the highest yield in case of trees treated with Destruxin A-760.
Pages: 21-23
Cichorium intybus: An Excellent Medicinal Herb and Potential Growth Inhibitor of Pathogenic Microorganisms Causing Various Diseases in Humans
Authors : Karishma Khan ; Ahtisham-ul-Haq ; Hamad Khan ; Haji Khan ; Hina Fazal ; Nisar Ahmad
Abstract:Cichorium intybus commonly known as coffee weed in the family Asteraceae is one the famous traditional herb used for curing various human ailments. Recently, different side effects have been reported from the application of artificial antibiotics in human. Hence, the key objective of the current study was to explore the inhibitory potential of Cichorium intybus. The ethanolic extracts of flower, leaves, stem and root were prepared for investigating its anti microbial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus atrophaeus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Citrobacter and Candida albicans. Using well diffusion method, strong activities were observed in terms of inhibition zone against these microorganisms. In current study, best antimicrobial activity (20.3 mm) in leaves extracts was observed against Klebsiella pneumonia, 19 mm against Citrobacter, 17.5 mm against Escherichia coli, 16.3 mm against Bacillus atrophaeus and 17.1 mm against Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The flower extracts have shown activities of 18.6 mm against Bacillus subtillus, 17.3 mm against Klebsiella pneumonia, 16.6 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 16 mm against Escherichia coli. The root extracts showed an activity of 18.6 mm against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, 16.3 mm against Escherichia coli, and 15.6 mm against Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis and Citrobacter. The stem extracts showed 16.3 mm activity against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, 15.8 mm against Salmonella typhi, 15.3 mm against Candida albicans (15.3 mm) and 15 mm against Bacillus subtilis. The current study exposes the antimicrobial prospective of a medicinally important plant, Cichorium intybus as a chief component in possible antibiotic formulation against the given microorganisms and can provide innovative drug discoveries.
Pages: 14-20
Growth and Yield Responses of Okra (Abelmoscus esculentum L.) As Influenced By Sawdust Ash and Ammonium Nitrate
Authors : Abdulraheem Mukhtar Iderawumi
Abstract:In recent years, there are lots of soil problems associated with the use of chemical or minerals fertilizers and also the cost of mineral fertilizers, insufficiency of the commodity supply as well as the distribution have not been of advantage of the local farmer. Hence this study tends to investigate the effects of Sawdust Ash and Ammonium Nitrate on the performance of Okra (Abelmoscus esculentum L.) in Lanlate. Field trials were conducted at Teaching and Research Farm of The College of Education, Lanlate, Southwest Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. There were six treatments replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Treatments were applied three weeks after planting by ring method with Ammonia Nitrate and Sawdust Ash mixed. Soil chemical properties, plant nutrients content, growth and yield parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to compare the treatment means. The test soil indicated that it was marginal in organic matter, inadequate in available P and slightly acidic. SDA and its combinations with reduced rates of Ammonium Nitrate significantly increased number and weight of fruits. The 60 kgha-1 urea + 4.5 t/ha-1 SDA increased pod weight significantly in both years. Relative to control, Urea alone, 180 kg/ha-1 AN + 1.5 t/ha-1 SDA, 120 kg/ha-1 AN + 3.0 tha-1 SDA, 60 kg/ha-1 AN + 4.5 t/ha-1 SDA, and 6.0t/ha-1 SDA increased pod weight by 29, 32, 37, 52 and 39% respectively. Combination of 60kg/ha-1AN + 4.5t/ha-1SDA is recommended.
Pages: 8-13
Leaf Epidermal Micromorphology of Some Land Races of Dioscorea rotundata L. Found In West Africa
Authors : Omosun G. ; Obidiegwu J. E. ; Nduche M. U. ; Markson A. A.
Abstract:Anatomical studies of the micromorphology of the leaves of 10 land races of Dioscorea rotundata L. found in West Africa were carried out using light microscopy to study the variations in anatomy within the cultivars which would help in the correct identification of the yam cultivars. These land races were Agbocha, Adaka, Aloshi, Nwanyieri, Dorban, He-abalo, Dente, Obiaturugo, Ame and Atalibe. Epidermal cells were observed to be polygonal in Agbaochi and Adaka, but sinuous anticlinal epidermal cell walls were observed in the other land races. The leaves of all the plants were hypostomatic. Anisocytic stomata were found in Agbaocha, Adaka, Dorban, He-abalo, Dente and Atalibe. Paracytic and anisocytic stomata were found in Ame while anomocytic stomata were observed in Aloshi and Nwanyieri. Mean stomatal index recorded were more in Agbocha (47.37%), Aloshi (45.45%), Nwanyieri (44.64%) and less in Dorban (20%), Obiatgurugo (20%) and Atalibe (23%). Stomatal length was highest in Dorban (30.1 ± 0.95 µm) and lowest in Nwanyieri (6.2 ± 1.1 µm) while stomatal width was also highest in Dorban (19.3 ± 1.1 µm) and lowest also in Nwanyieri (4.3 ± 0.95 µm). These diagnostic features are taxonomically revealing as observed in the 10 land races studied and can aid in the identification, characterization and description of the plants investigated.
Pages: 1-7