Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary
Online ISSN: 2617-3077
Print ISSN: 2617-3131
Quarterly Published (4 Issues Per Year)
Journal Website: https://www.sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&journal=30Archive
Volume 2 Issue 12 (2019)
Assessment of Morphological, Egg Quality and Carcass Characteristics of Local and Exotic Chickens Reared in Two Districts of Metekel Zone Ethiopia
Authors : Tesfahun Kebede ; Simret Betseha ; Aberra Melesse
Abstract:A study was conducted in two selected districts (Pawe and Bulen) of Metekel Zone to assess the morphological and egg quality traits and carcass components of local and exotic chickens. Morphometric traits were assessed from 900 adult local and exotic chickens while qualitative traits were determined from 600 local chickens. For the evaluation of egg quality, 600 eggs from both genotypes (300 eggs from exotic and 300 from local) were used from sampled households. A total of 80 chickens (40 from each genotype) were used to assess the carcass components. The results indicated that the majority of local chickens raised in the two districts are characterized by normal feather type. The local chickens from Pawe were characterized by pea comb while those of Bulle by the rose comb. Creamy ear lobe and yellow shank colors were predominant in both districts. Except for back length and shank length, chickens in Bulen were superior (p<0.05) to those of Pawe in all other morphometric traits. Male chickens had higher (p<0.05) values in all morphometric traits than females. Except for body length and back length, other morphometric traits were higher (p<0.05) in exotic chickens than in locals. Except egg yolk colors, egg quality values were higher for Bulen (p<0.05) chickens than those of Pawe. Eggs of exotic chickens had higher (p<0.05) qualities than those of local chickens. Most of the carcass components were higher (p<0.05) in Bulen chickens than those of Pawe. Exotic genotypes were superior (p<0.05) to local chickens in most carcass components. Male chickens had higher (p<0.05) carcass values than females. In conclusion, exotic chickens were found to be superior to local chickens in most of the studied quantitative traits and thus could be further used by the smallholder farmers. The survival ability and egg production potential of exotic chickens under smallholder settings appears to be relevant research gaps to be addressed by other scholars.
Pages: 164-171
Physical and Physiological Status of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) From Lake Alau Maiduguri Nigeria
Authors : Olanrewaju Adewale Nurudeen ; Agbelege Ojo Olusegun
Abstract:Clarias gariepinus is undoubtedly a fish of high economic interest in Nigeria. Due to its wide acceptability as food fish, there is a need to monitor the health conditions of the fish in culture and capture environment to guarantee its sustainable production. This study therefore, investigates the physical and heamatological profile of C. gariepinus, captured from Lake Alau. Water and fish samples were collected monthly for three months. Water samples were analysed for nitrate, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and temperature following standard procedures. Samples of C. gariepinus (n=30) were obtained from fishermen catches. Standard Length (SL) and Body Weight (BW) were measured. Length-Weight Relationships and condition factor were also calculated. Red Blood Cells (RBC, 1012l-1), Packed Cell Volume (PCV, %), Protein (g l-1) and Albumin (g l-1) were determined following standard methods. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean values obtained for Nitrate (1.05±0.77 mgl-1), DO (6.40±0.36 mgl-1) and temperature (24.37±0.30 oC) were optimum. The SL and BW ranged from 28.2 to 34.5 cm and 210.0 to 350.0 g, respectively. C. gariepinus in Lake Alau exhibit negative allometric growth (1.73), while Condition factor (0.96±0.14) indicates suitability of the environment for this species. RBC, PCV, protein and albumin were 5.92±2.91, 0.35±0.08, 35.14±5.82 and 13.02±2.06, respectively. The haematological profile of C. gariepinus in Lake Alau as documented was optimum and compared well with species from other water bodies.
Pages: 157-163
Physiological Response to Combined Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Chicken Manure on Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) At Halfa Elgadida Sudan
Authors : Badr ELdin Abdelgadir Mohamad Ahmed ; Faisal Elgasim Ahmed ; Shaza Jamal Mohmmed
Abstract:This study was conducted at the Demonstration Farm of Fuculty of Agriculture, Kassala University during 2010/2011 and 2011/ 2012 seasons in the Halfah Elgadidah, Sudan. Randomized complete plot design (as split trail) with four replications was used in this study. The treatments were three levels of N (N0, N1 andN2) corresponding to N fertilizer rates of zero, 43, 86 kg N/ha. Also, organic manure treatments are -M and +M corresponding to zero and 4 tons of chicken manure/ha. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of combined application of N and chicken manure on physiological traits and grain yield in wheat. The obtained results showed that, the treatments which received high dose of nitrogen fertilizer or chicken manure solely or mixed together, resulted in high dry matter production , higher values of LAI, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and grater grain yield. The positive strong correlations between these characters and grain yield indicated their unlimited contribution to final grain yield and may be key factors for wheat production in the study area.
Pages: 153-156
Compost Adoption Impact on Vegetables Production in District Chakwal Pakistan: A Smallholders Perspective
Authors : Saira Batool ; Waqar Akhtar ; Nusrat Habib ; Mubbashira Nazir
Abstract:Composting is one of the most ecological technologies for the management of the bio-waste now a days. The present study was conducted to identify the perception of the farmers regarding adoption of composting technique for vegetables production promoted by USDA/USAID supported project in Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. It was based on primary data collected through a field survey conducted in March, 2018 by assessing the benefit-cost analysis (BCA), broader feasibility and future potential of compost technology. During survey 40 sample respondents were interviewed out of this 30 (75%) of the sample respondents were female and 10 (25%) of the sample respondents were male. The results revealed that out the total 40 respondents, 35 percent respondents perceived on the decrease of cost for vegetable production. About 5 percent respondents consider this intervention helpful in food security and 15 percent consider this as secure their crops. The results point out that overall awareness trend was positive with in the area and adoption trend was progressing but with very slow trend. Some of the fellow farmers had adopted making compost at their own. Among 40 only 12 respondents were actually adopting the technology this shows their lesser interest in the technology due to many constraints such as lack of experience, awareness and poor financial resources. The findings bring in that enhancing the awareness about the need for protection of soil, water and the environment though involvement of the media (newspapers, radio programs, television show, dramas, etc.) may be effect farmers significantly.
Pages: 147-152
Training Needs Assessment for Groundnut Production Technology of Groundnut Growers in Rain Fed Tract Punjab Pakistan
Authors : Haroon Ahmed Khan ; Badar Naseem Siddiqui ; Farhatullah Khan ; Muhammad Arshad Ullah
Abstract:Groundnut (ArachishypogeaL.) being annual kharif legume crop has not been given special attention in past. There are multiple uses of this crop worldwide and in Pakistan. It is an excellent cash crop for rain fed areas of Pothwar having potential to get foreign attention through export. Present study was planned to evaluate the training needs of groundnut growers regarding its scientific production technology. Respondents (240) were interviewed from Tehsil Jand of district Attock randomly. Enormous number of respondents were having satisfactory knowledge about 3-4 ploughing while preparing the land. Most of the respondents were having excellent knowledge level about planking. The results depicted that 39.5% respondents were having fair type of knowledge about fertilizer application at the time of land preparation. Knowledge level for registered varieties (BARI-2000, BARD-479, Golden and BARI-2011) was inconsistent. Knowledge about sowing of groundnut with tractor mounted drill was in satisfactory. There was average level of knowledge to differentiate between healthy and diseased seed. While, appropriate seed rate usage for cultivation was observed to be of low importance. Most of the farmers were unaware about the sowing time from 25th March to 31st May. Poor farmer’s knowledge (23.75%) of hoeing after 3-4 weeks of sowing was observed and good level of familiarity at flowering stage was recorded. Recommended dose of nitrogen application was (31.25%) with about 28.33 % respondents were having good level of knowledge for recommended P application. Potassium application knowledge was recorded below 50% of farming community, while 45.83% respondents were with poor knowledge of K application. Mostly (52.50%) respondents were unaware of the advantages of the gypsum application. Maximum knowledge level for mechanical harvesting was observed (23.33%) in satisfactory category and (26.25%) of conventional methods under same level. It has also been found from results that farmers are not well aware about advantages of gypsum so there is need of increasing awareness level of farmers about benefits of gypsum application. This study has concluded that institutions should play their role to educate farmers for adoption of advance production technology to get good production from this cash crop.
Pages: 136-146
Effect of Aluozozab Sewage Disposal on Water Quality in White Nile River, Sudan
Authors : Durria A. Mohammed ; AbdElgadir M. Manofal ; Ahmed M. Musa
Abstract:This study was conducted during July to October 2017, in the White Nile at Khartoum state, to determine the effect of industrial sanitation and effluents of Aluzozab discharge channel, the discharge come from Soba Sanitation plant, Elyarmok industerial complex and other industerial waste water to the White Nile water quality, Water samples were taken every 10 days from (4) locations, location (A) southern Jebel Awulia dam, location (B) northern Jebel Awulia dam, location (C) the discharge channel, location (D) Northern of the discharge channel..Samples of water were taken to analyze some physical, chemical properties and lead (pb) concentration at the National center lab in Khartoum city.. The study concluded that there is no significant differences in temperature measurement in the (4) locations, but there was significant difference in electric conductivity, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and lead concentration. E.C values were (0.1345 ms/ cm) in site A, (0.1280ms/cm) in site B, (1.0185ms/cm) in site C, and (0.36775ms/cm) in site D. The BOD values were (5.630mg/l) in site A, (5.020mg/l) in site B, ( 58.770mg/l) in site C and (5.830mg/l)in site D The COD values were (11.840mg/l) in site A, (10.990mg/l) in site B, (136.900mg/l) in site C and (12.500mg/l)in site D.The lead concentration values in site A(0.0197mg/l). in site B (0.0329mg/l) , in site C(0.0585mg/l) and site D(0.0382mg/l). The dissolved oxygen concentration was high in site A (6.580mg/l), in site B (5.640mg/l), lower (0.780mg/L) in the discharge channel and (3.980mg/l) in site D that may be due to existence of pollutants.
Pages: 132-135
Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Capacity Building and Cassava Farmers Productivity in Anambra State
Authors : Obiadi Adaobi J. ; Nwankwo Frank O. ; Ezeokafor Uche R.
Abstract:This study was necessitated as a result of the low productivity of cassava farmers in Anambra State. The study set out to examine the effect of Agricultural Development Program (ADP) capacity building on cassava farmers productivity in Anambra State. The work was anchored on Cobb-Douglas production model. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study comprised of all the ADP cassava farmers and non-ADP cassava farmers in Otuocha and Onitsha Agricultural Zone. With membership strength of three hundred and sixty (360) ADP Cassava farmers and one hundred and sixty (160) non-ADP cassava farmers, making up a total of five hundred and twenty (520) respondents. Structured and unstructured questionnaires were used for data collection and the analysis was done with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance. From the analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the output of ADPCFs and non ADPCFs in Anambra State (F =13.209 and p-value < .05). Based on the findings, the study concluded that belonging to ADP was responsible for the differences in output observed in the study. Sequel to this, it was recommended that cassava farmers in the state that are yet to key into ADP needs to do so in order to learn from the various level of capacity development programs organized by the body.
Pages: 123-131
Efficacy of Albizia Lebbeck Seed Oil on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Weaner Rabbits
Authors : Alagbe J. O. ; Sadiq Mohammed Ramalan ; Anaso Emmanuel Ugochukwu ; Grace Funmilayo R.
Abstract:The efficacy of Albizia lebbeck seed oil (ALO) on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of weaner rabbits. Fifty (50) weaned rabbits of mixed breed and sexes, aged between 6-7 weeks with an average initial body weight of 460 ± 1.30 were randomly divided into five experimental groups. Each group was further subdivided into five replicates consisting of two rabbits each in a completely randomized design. The first group (T1) fed on basal diets without ALO (control diet). The other groups (T2), (T3), (T4) and (T5) were fed on basal diets supplemented with ALO at levels of 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 % respectively. The experimental diets were fed for 10-weeks duration on which performance and carcass parameters were recorded. The result showed that rabbits in T5 given 0.4 % ALO had the highest weight gain (1472.0 g) followed by T4 (1418.1 g), T3 (1403.6), T2 (1400.8 g) and T1 (1192.3 g). Significant differences were also observed (P<0.05) among the treatment for feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Dressing percentage and organ weights of the animals were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the dietary inclusion of ALO. The rabbits fed with the 0.4 % diet recorded significantly (P<0.05) highest dressing percentage (66.08 %), abdominal fat, kidney, thigh, loin and shoulder followed by 0.3% with 65.31 %, 0.2% (62.22 %), 0.1 % (59.60 %) and 0% with (57.30 %) dressing percentage respectively. The morality rate was significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary supplementation of ALO in rabbits diet. It was concluded that supplementation of ALO at 0.4% enhanced the overall performance and carcass quality of weaner rabbits.
Pages: 116-122