Sumerianz Journal of Biotechnology

    
Online ISSN: 2617-3050
Print ISSN: 2617-3123

Quarterly Published (4 Issues Per Year)

Journal Website: https://www.sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&journal=32

Archive

Volume 7 Issue 2 (2024)

Bioabsorption of Maize Cob and its Derivative in the Elimination of Heavy Metals from Waste Water in Some Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Authors :
UCHE Ikechukwu, DIKWA Karderam Bukar, VICTORIA Moltong Yilwa et.al,.

DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjb.72.27.33
Abstract:
Industrial waste water is a significant cause of water pollution. Many health challenges can be linked to high intake of heavy metals directly or indirectly into the body system beyond which is required to function adequately. This study evaluated the bioabsorption potentials of Maize Cob (MC), Maize Cob Charcoal (MCC), and Ethylenediamine-disuccinate treated Maize Cob (ETMC) in the elimination of heavy metals from industrial waste water in Kaduna South and Chikun Local Government Areas. Industrial waste water samples were collected from Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON), Bam Paint Industry (BAM-PAINT), Chellco Industry (CHELLCO) and Nigerian Breweries plc (NBC). Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). MC, MCC and ETMC were used to treat the industrial waste water through Batch sorption experiment at 0.42mm particle size. Zinc (Zn2+), Copper (Cu2+), Cadmium (Cd2+), Nickel (Ni2+) and Lead (Pb2+) were the detected at different concentrations across the samples. The results showed that concentration of Zn2+ ion present in the study areas ranged from 0.442 ± 0.005 to 3.943 ± 0.031mg/g. Cu2+ ion ranged from 0.226 ± 0.003 to 9.730 ± 0.001 mg/g, Cd2+ (-0.040± 0.005 to 0.624 ± 0.003 mg/g), Ni2+ (0.184 ± 0.004 to 12.096 ± 0.003 mg/g) and Pb2+ (-0.142± 0.003 to 1.128 ± 0.002 mg/g). Heavy metal absorption efficiencies by MC differ significantly (p < 0.05). MC had the highest adsorption rate (92%) for Zn2+ ion in DICON Company waste water. Cu2+ was reduced by 40% in waste water from BAM-PAINT Company, 94% for Cd2+ ion in NBC waste water, 72% for Ni2+ and 98% of Pb2+ in NBC waste water. Heavy metal removal efficiency after using MCC showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the heavy metals adsorption rate. There was 85% reduction in the concentration of Zn2+ and 40% of Ni2+ in industrial waste water from DICON Company. The absorbent was most effective in reducing the concentration of Cu2+ ion present in NBC by 187% and 154% of Cd2+ ion in sample from BAM-PAINT Company, while, Ni2+ and Pb2+ had reduction rate of 60% and 95% at DICON and NBC respectively. ETMC drastically reduced the concentration of Zn2+ ions from to -604.533 ± 2.512 mg/g in CHELLCO industry and Cu2+ions to -9.567 ± 0.351 mg/g in BAM-PAINT waste water. Therefore, it can be concluded that Maize Cob, Maize Cob Charcoal and Ethylene diamine disuccinic treated maize cob are effective absorbent for eliminating lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel and copper from waste water.

Pages: 27-33

The Risk of Waterborne Enteric Viral Infection in Africa as Revealed Through Quantitative Microbial Exposure Analysis

Authors : Nko S. Bassey ; Owoidihe M. Etukudo ; Abimbola Enitan-Folami. et.al.,
DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjb.72.11.26
Abstract:
This study investigates the prevalence and sources of waterborne enteric viral infections in Africa, where poor access to safe water and sanitation facilities poses significant public health risks. The waterborne enteric virus has proven to be a biological hazard and contaminant in potable water, natural water, and wastewater systems. Thus, this research employs quantitative microbial exposure analysis (QMEA) to determine the likelihood of infection and identify the sources of viral contamination in water sources. This study found 105 articles, 12 reported 292 positive cases, and 1187 comprehensively reviewed and analyzed datasets. The analyzed articles were from six African countries: Morocco, Egypt, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana, and South Africa. In all articles considered, the probability of infection and risk of illness of those who were subjected to the river and dam water via drinking, recreational, domestic, or irrigation activities were too high and exceeded the acceptable risk of 0.01% (10-4 infection/individual/year) proposed by WHO. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) with 13-30% mortality rates and Human adenovirus (HAdV) dominates the surface water in African countries. This study underscores the need for better water and sanitation facilities to mitigate the risk of waterborne viral infections and promote public health in Africa. Therefore, by highlighting the risks of waterborne enteric viral infections, the study calls for more targeted interventions to prevent the spread of these infections and improve health outcomes in African communities.

Pages: 11-26